The nervous system, also known as the body’s electrical wiring, is made up of nerves and neurons. It coordinates the functions and transmits signals to the body. Without it, other systems would not work. When something goes wrong with one or more parts of the system, it can lead to a neurological disorder, which can affect movement, cognition, communication, and vision. So, it is important to recognize the signs and find suitable treatment options.

Understanding neurological conditions
Before looking at neurological disorders, it’s important to understand the nervous system makeup, which is divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems. While the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, the peripheral system is made up of somatic and autonomic systems, i.e., nerves branching out to the rest of your body. Any disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves are known as neurological conditions. These conditions may result from structural, electrical, or biochemical abnormalities, as well as congenital disorders, infections, and injuries.

Common neurological conditions

Migraine
Research suggests that about 1.04 billion people around the world have experienced migraine at least once. Although most people consider migraines to be severe headaches, an attack can bring on other symptoms that last for days. The symptoms of an attack may worsen with physical activity or sensory stimuli. Other common migraine triggers are:

Stress
Genetics
Irregular eating habits and poor lifestyle choices
Hormonal changes

Common symptoms:
Pulsating headaches
Issues with vision and speech
Seeing bright spots
Numb or tingling skin

Migraine is a chronic neurological condition that has no permanent cure. However, treatment options can help manage the symptoms and frequency of migraine attacks. Doctors can recommend a treatment plan, which includes taking painkillers for temporary relief. Patients may also be asked to practice yoga, have head massages, have adequate rest, and apply a cold compress to relieve the pain.

Seizures and epilepsy
According to a  World Health Organization study, nearly 50 million people in the world have epilepsy. This is a condition that involves recurrent seizures—sudden bursts of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that cause changes in a person’s sensory system and body movements.

Certain existing health concerns can contribute to the development of epilepsy. These include:

A serious illness accompanied by a high fever
Trauma to the head
Stroke
Tumors or cysts in the brain
Infections like meningitis and HIV

Further, factors like stress, skipping meals, and low blood pressure, can trigger epileptic seizures or increase the risk of developing the condition. 

Common symptoms:
Twitching or uncontrolled muscle movement
Loss of awareness
Dizziness
Changes in taste, smell, sight, and hearing
Blank stare
Repetitive movements
Loss of bladder control
Tingling sensation

Some treatments for this neurological condition include anti-seizure prescription options, nerve stimulating devices, and changes in meal plans. In severe cases, doctors can recommend brain surgery.

Parkinson’s disease
This progressive neurological condition causes uncontrollable body movements and affects overall coordination. Anyone is at risk of developing this condition, however, it is more common among men than women. People over 60 are at a higher risk as well. While the precise cause is not known, studies have indicated the involvement of genetics. 

Common symptoms:
Tremors
Trouble swallowing
Drooling
Blinking less than usual
Muscle weakness accompanied by slower movement
Trouble maintaining balance and posture
Stiffness (or muscle rigidity)

As there is no permanent cure for this condition, the treatment options for this neurological condition can help manage the symptoms. Some popular options are deep brain stimulation, dopamine metabolism blockers, and levodopa metabolism inhibitors.

Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s is a brain disease that affects the memory, thinking, and behavior of those affected. It is an age-related neurodegenerative condition that is also one of the most common causes of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease can seriously impact one’s cognitive abilities. Possible risk factors include:

Family history of the disease
Down syndrome
Cardiac diseases
Trauma or injuries to the head
High blood pressure

Common symptoms:
Confusion
Memory loss
Problems in speaking and writing
Difficulty comprehending routine tasks
Losing or misplacing items
Poor judgment

There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, and treatment options can only provide temporary relief from its symptoms. Patients are prescribed certain treatments that facilitate better communication between the brain cells. Certain AChE inhibitors can also be recommended to block excessive chemical secretions in the brain.

Neurological conditions, although typically invisible initially, can seriously impact one’s health. So, it becomes essential to recognize the warning signs and communicate persistent concerns with doctors. This can help patients find the best treatment options to manage their symptoms.